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±11,±1
By Rational Root Theorem, all rational roots of a polynomial are in the form \frac{p}{q}, where p divides the constant term 11 and q divides the leading coefficient 1. List all candidates \frac{p}{q}.
x=1
Find one such root by trying out all the integer values, starting from the smallest by absolute value. If no integer roots are found, try out fractions.
x^{2}-10x-11=0
By Factor theorem, x-k is a factor of the polynomial for each root k. Divide x^{3}-11x^{2}-x+11 by x-1 to get x^{2}-10x-11. Solve the equation where the result equals to 0.
x=\frac{-\left(-10\right)±\sqrt{\left(-10\right)^{2}-4\times 1\left(-11\right)}}{2}
All equations of the form ax^{2}+bx+c=0 can be solved using the quadratic formula: \frac{-b±\sqrt{b^{2}-4ac}}{2a}. Substitute 1 for a, -10 for b, and -11 for c in the quadratic formula.
x=\frac{10±12}{2}
Do the calculations.
x=-1 x=11
Solve the equation x^{2}-10x-11=0 when ± is plus and when ± is minus.
x=1 x=-1 x=11
List all found solutions.