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x^{2}-2x-3
Multiply and combine like terms.
a+b=-2 ab=1\left(-3\right)=-3
Factor the expression by grouping. First, the expression needs to be rewritten as x^{2}+ax+bx-3. To find a and b, set up a system to be solved.
a=-3 b=1
Since ab is negative, a and b have the opposite signs. Since a+b is negative, the negative number has greater absolute value than the positive. The only such pair is the system solution.
\left(x^{2}-3x\right)+\left(x-3\right)
Rewrite x^{2}-2x-3 as \left(x^{2}-3x\right)+\left(x-3\right).
x\left(x-3\right)+x-3
Factor out x in x^{2}-3x.
\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)
Factor out common term x-3 by using distributive property.
x^{2}-2x-3
Combine -3x and x to get -2x.