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\begin{array}{l}\phantom{45)}\phantom{1}\\45\overline{)509}\\\end{array}
Use the 1^{st} digit 5 from dividend 509
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{45)}0\phantom{2}\\45\overline{)509}\\\end{array}
Since 5 is less than 45, use the next digit 0 from dividend 509 and add 0 to the quotient
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{45)}0\phantom{3}\\45\overline{)509}\\\end{array}
Use the 2^{nd} digit 0 from dividend 509
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{45)}01\phantom{4}\\45\overline{)509}\\\phantom{45)}\underline{\phantom{}45\phantom{9}}\\\phantom{45)9}5\\\end{array}
Find closest multiple of 45 to 50. We see that 1 \times 45 = 45 is the nearest. Now subtract 45 from 50 to get reminder 5. Add 1 to quotient.
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{45)}01\phantom{5}\\45\overline{)509}\\\phantom{45)}\underline{\phantom{}45\phantom{9}}\\\phantom{45)9}59\\\end{array}
Use the 3^{rd} digit 9 from dividend 509
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{45)}011\phantom{6}\\45\overline{)509}\\\phantom{45)}\underline{\phantom{}45\phantom{9}}\\\phantom{45)9}59\\\phantom{45)}\underline{\phantom{9}45\phantom{}}\\\phantom{45)9}14\\\end{array}
Find closest multiple of 45 to 59. We see that 1 \times 45 = 45 is the nearest. Now subtract 45 from 59 to get reminder 14. Add 1 to quotient.
\text{Quotient: }11 \text{Reminder: }14
Since 14 is less than 45, stop the division. The reminder is 14. The topmost line 011 is the quotient. Remove all zeros at the start of the quotient to get the actual quotient 11.