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3\left(xy^{2}-2xy-3x\right)
Factor out 3.
x\left(y^{2}-2y-3\right)
Consider xy^{2}-2xy-3x. Factor out x.
a+b=-2 ab=1\left(-3\right)=-3
Consider y^{2}-2y-3. Factor the expression by grouping. First, the expression needs to be rewritten as y^{2}+ay+by-3. To find a and b, set up a system to be solved.
a=-3 b=1
Since ab is negative, a and b have the opposite signs. Since a+b is negative, the negative number has greater absolute value than the positive. The only such pair is the system solution.
\left(y^{2}-3y\right)+\left(y-3\right)
Rewrite y^{2}-2y-3 as \left(y^{2}-3y\right)+\left(y-3\right).
y\left(y-3\right)+y-3
Factor out y in y^{2}-3y.
\left(y-3\right)\left(y+1\right)
Factor out common term y-3 by using distributive property.
3x\left(y-3\right)\left(y+1\right)
Rewrite the complete factored expression.