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3\left(-a^{2}x^{2}+8a^{2}x-16a^{2}\right)
Factor out 3.
a^{2}\left(-x^{2}+8x-16\right)
Consider -a^{2}x^{2}+8a^{2}x-16a^{2}. Factor out a^{2}.
p+q=8 pq=-\left(-16\right)=16
Consider -x^{2}+8x-16. Factor the expression by grouping. First, the expression needs to be rewritten as -x^{2}+px+qx-16. To find p and q, set up a system to be solved.
1,16 2,8 4,4
Since pq is positive, p and q have the same sign. Since p+q is positive, p and q are both positive. List all such integer pairs that give product 16.
1+16=17 2+8=10 4+4=8
Calculate the sum for each pair.
p=4 q=4
The solution is the pair that gives sum 8.
\left(-x^{2}+4x\right)+\left(4x-16\right)
Rewrite -x^{2}+8x-16 as \left(-x^{2}+4x\right)+\left(4x-16\right).
-x\left(x-4\right)+4\left(x-4\right)
Factor out -x in the first and 4 in the second group.
\left(x-4\right)\left(-x+4\right)
Factor out common term x-4 by using distributive property.
3a^{2}\left(x-4\right)\left(-x+4\right)
Rewrite the complete factored expression.