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\left(-\sqrt{3}\right)^{2}-2i\left(-\sqrt{3}\right)-1
Use binomial theorem \left(a+b\right)^{2}=a^{2}+2ab+b^{2} to expand \left(-\sqrt{3}-i\right)^{2}.
\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^{2}-2i\left(-\sqrt{3}\right)-1
Calculate -\sqrt{3} to the power of 2 and get \left(\sqrt{3}\right)^{2}.
3-2i\left(-\sqrt{3}\right)-1
The square of \sqrt{3} is 3.
2-2i\left(-\sqrt{3}\right)
Subtract 1 from 3 to get 2.
2+2i\sqrt{3}
Multiply -2i and -1 to get 2i.
\left(-\sqrt{3}\right)^{2}-2i\left(-\sqrt{3}\right)-1
Use binomial theorem \left(a+b\right)^{2}=a^{2}+2ab+b^{2} to expand \left(-\sqrt{3}-i\right)^{2}.
\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^{2}-2i\left(-\sqrt{3}\right)-1
Calculate -\sqrt{3} to the power of 2 and get \left(\sqrt{3}\right)^{2}.
3-2i\left(-\sqrt{3}\right)-1
The square of \sqrt{3} is 3.
2-2i\left(-\sqrt{3}\right)
Subtract 1 from 3 to get 2.
2+2i\sqrt{3}
Multiply -2i and -1 to get 2i.