Solve x^2-20x-21=0

$${ x }^{ 2 } -20x-21=0$$

Solve for x

$$x=-1$$

$$x=21$$

Steps Using Factoring

To solve the equation, factor x^{2}-20x-21 using formula x^{2}+\left(a+b\right)x+ab=\left(x+a\right)\left(x+b\right). To find a and b, set up a system to be solved.

$$a+b=-20 ab=-21$$

Since ab is negative, a and b have the opposite signs. Since a+b is negative, the negative number has greater absolute value than the positive. List all such integer pairs that give product -21.

$$1,-21 3,-7$$

Calculate the sum for each pair.

$$1-21=-20 3-7=-4$$

The solution is the pair that gives sum -20.

$$a=-21 b=1$$

Rewrite factored expression \left(x+a\right)\left(x+b\right) using the obtained values.

$$\left(x-21\right)\left(x+1\right)$$

To find equation solutions, solve x-21=0 and x+1=0.

$$x=21 x=-1$$

Steps Using Factoring By Grouping

To solve the equation, factor the left hand side by grouping. First, left hand side needs to be rewritten as x^{2}+ax+bx-21. To find a and b, set up a system to be solved.

$$a+b=-20 ab=1\left(-21\right)=-21$$

Since ab is negative, a and b have the opposite signs. Since a+b is negative, the negative number has greater absolute value than the positive. List all such integer pairs that give product -21.

$$1,-21 3,-7$$

Calculate the sum for each pair.

$$1-21=-20 3-7=-4$$

The solution is the pair that gives sum -20.

$$a=-21 b=1$$

Rewrite x^{2}-20x-21 as \left(x^{2}-21x\right)+\left(x-21\right).

$$\left(x^{2}-21x\right)+\left(x-21\right)$$

Factor out x in x^{2}-21x.

$$x\left(x-21\right)+x-21$$

Factor out common term x-21 by using distributive property.

$$\left(x-21\right)\left(x+1\right)$$

To find equation solutions, solve x-21=0 and x+1=0.

$$x=21 x=-1$$

Steps Using the Quadratic Formula

All equations of the form ax^{2}+bx+c=0 can be solved using the quadratic formula: \frac{-b±\sqrt{b^{2}-4ac}}{2a}. The quadratic formula gives two solutions, one when ± is addition and one when it is subtraction.

$$x^{2}-20x-21=0$$

This equation is in standard form: ax^{2}+bx+c=0. Substitute 1 for a, -20 for b, and -21 for c in the quadratic formula, \frac{-b±\sqrt{b^{2}-4ac}}{2a}.

$$x=\frac{-\left(-20\right)±\sqrt{\left(-20\right)^{2}-4\left(-21\right)}}{2}$$

Square -20.

$$x=\frac{-\left(-20\right)±\sqrt{400-4\left(-21\right)}}{2}$$

Multiply -4 times -21.

$$x=\frac{-\left(-20\right)±\sqrt{400+84}}{2}$$

Add 400 to 84.

$$x=\frac{-\left(-20\right)±\sqrt{484}}{2}$$

Take the square root of 484.

$$x=\frac{-\left(-20\right)±22}{2}$$

The opposite of -20 is 20.

$$x=\frac{20±22}{2}$$

Now solve the equation x=\frac{20±22}{2} when ± is plus. Add 20 to 22.

$$x=\frac{42}{2}$$

Divide 42 by 2.

$$x=21$$

Now solve the equation x=\frac{20±22}{2} when ± is minus. Subtract 22 from 20.

$$x=-\frac{2}{2}$$

Divide -2 by 2.

$$x=-1$$

The equation is now solved.

$$x=21 x=-1$$

Steps for Completing the Square

Quadratic equations such as this one can be solved by completing the square. In order to complete the square, the equation must first be in the form x^{2}+bx=c.

$$x^{2}-20x-21=0$$

Add 21 to both sides of the equation.

$$x^{2}-20x-21-\left(-21\right)=-\left(-21\right)$$

Subtracting -21 from itself leaves 0.

$$x^{2}-20x=-\left(-21\right)$$

Subtract -21 from 0.

$$x^{2}-20x=21$$

Divide -20, the coefficient of the x term, by 2 to get -10. Then add the square of -10 to both sides of the equation. This step makes the left hand side of the equation a perfect square.

$$x^{2}-20x+\left(-10\right)^{2}=21+\left(-10\right)^{2}$$

Square -10.

$$x^{2}-20x+100=21+100$$

Add 21 to 100.

$$x^{2}-20x+100=121$$

Factor x^{2}-20x+100. In general, when x^{2}+bx+c is a perfect square, it can always be factored as \left(x+\frac{b}{2}\right)^{2}.

$$\left(x-10\right)^{2}=121$$

Take the square root of both sides of the equation.

$$\sqrt{\left(x-10\right)^{2}}=\sqrt{121}$$

Simplify.

$$x-10=11 x-10=-11$$

Add 10 to both sides of the equation.

$$x=21 x=-1$$