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x^{2}-2x+1+2^{2}=x^{2}+1
Use binomial theorem \left(a-b\right)^{2}=a^{2}-2ab+b^{2} to expand \left(x-1\right)^{2}.
x^{2}-2x+1+4=x^{2}+1
Calculate 2 to the power of 2 and get 4.
x^{2}-2x+5=x^{2}+1
Add 1 and 4 to get 5.
x^{2}-2x+5-x^{2}=1
Subtract x^{2} from both sides.
-2x+5=1
Combine x^{2} and -x^{2} to get 0.
-2x=1-5
Subtract 5 from both sides.
-2x=-4
Subtract 5 from 1 to get -4.
x=\frac{-4}{-2}
Divide both sides by -2.
x=2
Divide -4 by -2 to get 2.