Solve {l}{x+3y=16}{-3x+3y=-24}{text{)}(10,-2)}{text{(10,}2)}

$$\left. \begin{array} { l } { x + 3 y = 16 } \\ { - 3 x + 3 y = - 24 } \\ { \text { ) } ( 10 , - 2 ) } \\ { \text { (10, } 2 ) } \end{array} \right.$$

Solve for x, y

$$x=10$$

$$y=2$$

Steps Using Substitution

To solve a pair of equations using substitution, first solve one of the equations for one of the variables. Then substitute the result for that variable in the other equation.

$$x+3y=16,-3x+3y=-24$$

Choose one of the equations and solve it for x by isolating x on the left hand side of the equal sign.

$$x+3y=16$$

Subtract 3y from both sides of the equation.

$$x=-3y+16$$

Substitute -3y+16 for x in the other equation, -3x+3y=-24.

$$-3\left(-3y+16\right)+3y=-24$$

Multiply -3 times -3y+16.

$$9y-48+3y=-24$$

Add 9y to 3y.

$$12y-48=-24$$

Add 48 to both sides of the equation.

$$12y=24$$

Divide both sides by 12.

$$y=2$$

Substitute 2 for y in x=-3y+16. Because the resulting equation contains only one variable, you can solve for x directly.

$$x=-3\times 2+16$$

Multiply -3 times 2.

$$x=-6+16$$

Add 16 to -6.

$$x=10$$

The system is now solved.

$$x=10,y=2$$

Steps Using Matrices

Put the equations in standard form and then use matrices to solve the system of equations.

$$x+3y=16,-3x+3y=-24$$

Write the equations in matrix form.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}1&3\\-3&3\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}x\\y\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}16\\-24\end{matrix}\right)$$

Left multiply the equation by the inverse matrix of \left(\begin{matrix}1&3\\-3&3\end{matrix}\right).

$$inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&3\\-3&3\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}1&3\\-3&3\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}x\\y\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&3\\-3&3\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}16\\-24\end{matrix}\right)$$

The product of a matrix and its inverse is the identity matrix.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}1&0\\0&1\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}x\\y\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&3\\-3&3\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}16\\-24\end{matrix}\right)$$

Multiply the matrices on the left hand side of the equal sign.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}x\\y\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&3\\-3&3\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}16\\-24\end{matrix}\right)$$

For the 2\times 2 matrix \left(\begin{matrix}a&b\\c&d\end{matrix}\right), the inverse matrix is \left(\begin{matrix}\frac{d}{ad-bc}&\frac{-b}{ad-bc}\\\frac{-c}{ad-bc}&\frac{a}{ad-bc}\end{matrix}\right), so the matrix equation can be rewritten as a matrix multiplication problem.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}x\\y\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}\frac{3}{3-3\left(-3\right)}&-\frac{3}{3-3\left(-3\right)}\\-\frac{-3}{3-3\left(-3\right)}&\frac{1}{3-3\left(-3\right)}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}16\\-24\end{matrix}\right)$$

Do the arithmetic.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}x\\y\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{4}&-\frac{1}{4}\\\frac{1}{4}&\frac{1}{12}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}16\\-24\end{matrix}\right)$$

Multiply the matrices.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}x\\y\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{4}\times 16-\frac{1}{4}\left(-24\right)\\\frac{1}{4}\times 16+\frac{1}{12}\left(-24\right)\end{matrix}\right)$$

Do the arithmetic.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}x\\y\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}10\\2\end{matrix}\right)$$

Extract the matrix elements x and y.

$$x=10,y=2$$

Steps Using Elimination

In order to solve by elimination, coefficients of one of the variables must be the same in both equations so that the variable will cancel out when one equation is subtracted from the other.

$$x+3y=16,-3x+3y=-24$$

Subtract -3x+3y=-24 from x+3y=16 by subtracting like terms on each side of the equal sign.

$$x+3x+3y-3y=16+24$$

Add 3y to -3y. Terms 3y and -3y cancel out, leaving an equation with only one variable that can be solved.

$$x+3x=16+24$$

Add x to 3x.

$$4x=16+24$$

Add 16 to 24.

$$4x=40$$

Divide both sides by 4.

$$x=10$$

Substitute 10 for x in -3x+3y=-24. Because the resulting equation contains only one variable, you can solve for y directly.

$$-3\times 10+3y=-24$$

Multiply -3 times 10.

$$-30+3y=-24$$

Add 30 to both sides of the equation.

$$3y=6$$

Divide both sides by 3.

$$y=2$$

The system is now solved.

$$x=10,y=2$$