Solve {c}{M+F=100}{2M+12F=2400}

$$\left. \begin{array} { c } { M + F = 100 } \\ { 2 M + 12 F = 2400 } \end{array} \right.$$

Solve for M, F

$$M=-120$$

$$F=220$$

Steps Using Substitution

To solve a pair of equations using substitution, first solve one of the equations for one of the variables. Then substitute the result for that variable in the other equation.

$$M+F=100,2M+12F=2400$$

Choose one of the equations and solve it for M by isolating M on the left hand side of the equal sign.

$$M+F=100$$

Subtract F from both sides of the equation.

$$M=-F+100$$

Substitute -F+100 for M in the other equation, 2M+12F=2400.

$$2\left(-F+100\right)+12F=2400$$

Multiply 2 times -F+100.

$$-2F+200+12F=2400$$

Add -2F to 12F.

$$10F+200=2400$$

Subtract 200 from both sides of the equation.

$$10F=2200$$

Divide both sides by 10.

$$F=220$$

Substitute 220 for F in M=-F+100. Because the resulting equation contains only one variable, you can solve for M directly.

$$M=-220+100$$

Add 100 to -220.

$$M=-120$$

The system is now solved.

$$M=-120,F=220$$

Steps Using Matrices

Put the equations in standard form and then use matrices to solve the system of equations.

$$M+F=100,2M+12F=2400$$

Write the equations in matrix form.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}1&1\\2&12\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}M\\F\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}100\\2400\end{matrix}\right)$$

Left multiply the equation by the inverse matrix of \left(\begin{matrix}1&1\\2&12\end{matrix}\right).

$$inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&1\\2&12\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}1&1\\2&12\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}M\\F\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&1\\2&12\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}100\\2400\end{matrix}\right)$$

The product of a matrix and its inverse is the identity matrix.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}1&0\\0&1\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}M\\F\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&1\\2&12\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}100\\2400\end{matrix}\right)$$

Multiply the matrices on the left hand side of the equal sign.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}M\\F\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&1\\2&12\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}100\\2400\end{matrix}\right)$$

For the 2\times 2 matrix \left(\begin{matrix}a&b\\c&d\end{matrix}\right), the inverse matrix is \left(\begin{matrix}\frac{d}{ad-bc}&\frac{-b}{ad-bc}\\\frac{-c}{ad-bc}&\frac{a}{ad-bc}\end{matrix}\right), so the matrix equation can be rewritten as a matrix multiplication problem.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}M\\F\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}\frac{12}{12-2}&-\frac{1}{12-2}\\-\frac{2}{12-2}&\frac{1}{12-2}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}100\\2400\end{matrix}\right)$$

Do the arithmetic.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}M\\F\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}\frac{6}{5}&-\frac{1}{10}\\-\frac{1}{5}&\frac{1}{10}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}100\\2400\end{matrix}\right)$$

Multiply the matrices.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}M\\F\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}\frac{6}{5}\times 100-\frac{1}{10}\times 2400\\-\frac{1}{5}\times 100+\frac{1}{10}\times 2400\end{matrix}\right)$$

Do the arithmetic.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}M\\F\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}-120\\220\end{matrix}\right)$$

Extract the matrix elements M and F.

$$M=-120,F=220$$

Steps Using Elimination

In order to solve by elimination, coefficients of one of the variables must be the same in both equations so that the variable will cancel out when one equation is subtracted from the other.

$$M+F=100,2M+12F=2400$$

To make M and 2M equal, multiply all terms on each side of the first equation by 2 and all terms on each side of the second by 1.

$$2M+2F=2\times 100,2M+12F=2400$$

Simplify.

$$2M+2F=200,2M+12F=2400$$

Subtract 2M+12F=2400 from 2M+2F=200 by subtracting like terms on each side of the equal sign.

$$2M-2M+2F-12F=200-2400$$

Add 2M to -2M. Terms 2M and -2M cancel out, leaving an equation with only one variable that can be solved.

$$2F-12F=200-2400$$

Add 2F to -12F.

$$-10F=200-2400$$

Add 200 to -2400.

$$-10F=-2200$$

Divide both sides by -10.

$$F=220$$

Substitute 220 for F in 2M+12F=2400. Because the resulting equation contains only one variable, you can solve for M directly.

$$2M+12\times 220=2400$$

Multiply 12 times 220.

$$2M+2640=2400$$

Subtract 2640 from both sides of the equation.

$$2M=-240$$

Divide both sides by 2.

$$M=-120$$

The system is now solved.

$$M=-120,F=220$$