Solve {l}{L=w+3}{2L+2w=150}

$$\left\{ \begin{array} { l } { L = w + 3 } \\ { 2 L + 2 w = 150 } \end{array} \right.$$

Solve for L, w

$$L=39$$

$$w=36$$

Steps Using Substitution

Consider the first equation. Subtract w from both sides.

$$L-w=3$$

To solve a pair of equations using substitution, first solve one of the equations for one of the variables. Then substitute the result for that variable in the other equation.

$$L-w=3,2L+2w=150$$

Choose one of the equations and solve it for L by isolating L on the left hand side of the equal sign.

$$L-w=3$$

Add w to both sides of the equation.

$$L=w+3$$

Substitute w+3 for L in the other equation, 2L+2w=150.

$$2\left(w+3\right)+2w=150$$

Multiply 2 times w+3.

$$2w+6+2w=150$$

Add 2w to 2w.

$$4w+6=150$$

Subtract 6 from both sides of the equation.

$$4w=144$$

Divide both sides by 4.

$$w=36$$

Substitute 36 for w in L=w+3. Because the resulting equation contains only one variable, you can solve for L directly.

$$L=36+3$$

Add 3 to 36.

$$L=39$$

The system is now solved.

$$L=39,w=36$$

Steps Using Matrices

Consider the first equation. Subtract w from both sides.

$$L-w=3$$

Put the equations in standard form and then use matrices to solve the system of equations.

$$L-w=3,2L+2w=150$$

Write the equations in matrix form.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\2&2\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}L\\w\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}3\\150\end{matrix}\right)$$

Left multiply the equation by the inverse matrix of \left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\2&2\end{matrix}\right).

$$inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\2&2\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\2&2\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}L\\w\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\2&2\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}3\\150\end{matrix}\right)$$

The product of a matrix and its inverse is the identity matrix.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}1&0\\0&1\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}L\\w\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\2&2\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}3\\150\end{matrix}\right)$$

Multiply the matrices on the left hand side of the equal sign.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}L\\w\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\2&2\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}3\\150\end{matrix}\right)$$

For the 2\times 2 matrix \left(\begin{matrix}a&b\\c&d\end{matrix}\right), the inverse matrix is \left(\begin{matrix}\frac{d}{ad-bc}&\frac{-b}{ad-bc}\\\frac{-c}{ad-bc}&\frac{a}{ad-bc}\end{matrix}\right), so the matrix equation can be rewritten as a matrix multiplication problem.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}L\\w\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}\frac{2}{2-\left(-2\right)}&-\frac{-1}{2-\left(-2\right)}\\-\frac{2}{2-\left(-2\right)}&\frac{1}{2-\left(-2\right)}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}3\\150\end{matrix}\right)$$

Do the arithmetic.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}L\\w\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{2}&\frac{1}{4}\\-\frac{1}{2}&\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}3\\150\end{matrix}\right)$$

Multiply the matrices.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}L\\w\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{2}\times 3+\frac{1}{4}\times 150\\-\frac{1}{2}\times 3+\frac{1}{4}\times 150\end{matrix}\right)$$

Do the arithmetic.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}L\\w\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}39\\36\end{matrix}\right)$$

Extract the matrix elements L and w.

$$L=39,w=36$$

Steps Using Elimination

Consider the first equation. Subtract w from both sides.

$$L-w=3$$

In order to solve by elimination, coefficients of one of the variables must be the same in both equations so that the variable will cancel out when one equation is subtracted from the other.

$$L-w=3,2L+2w=150$$

To make L and 2L equal, multiply all terms on each side of the first equation by 2 and all terms on each side of the second by 1.

$$2L+2\left(-1\right)w=2\times 3,2L+2w=150$$

Simplify.

$$2L-2w=6,2L+2w=150$$

Subtract 2L+2w=150 from 2L-2w=6 by subtracting like terms on each side of the equal sign.

$$2L-2L-2w-2w=6-150$$

Add 2L to -2L. Terms 2L and -2L cancel out, leaving an equation with only one variable that can be solved.

$$-2w-2w=6-150$$

Add -2w to -2w.

$$-4w=6-150$$

Add 6 to -150.

$$-4w=-144$$

Divide both sides by -4.

$$w=36$$

Substitute 36 for w in 2L+2w=150. Because the resulting equation contains only one variable, you can solve for L directly.

$$2L+2\times 36=150$$

Multiply 2 times 36.

$$2L+72=150$$

Subtract 72 from both sides of the equation.

$$2L=78$$

Divide both sides by 2.

$$L=39$$

The system is now solved.

$$L=39,w=36$$