Solve {c}{a-b=140}{5/100a-4/100b=42}

$$\left\{ \begin{array} { c } { a - b = 140 } \\ { \frac { 5 } { 100 } a - \frac { 4 } { 100 } b = 42 } \end{array} \right.$$

Solve for a, b

$$a=3640$$

$$b=3500$$

Steps Using Substitution

To solve a pair of equations using substitution, first solve one of the equations for one of the variables. Then substitute the result for that variable in the other equation.

$$a-b=140,\frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{25}b=42$$

Choose one of the equations and solve it for a by isolating a on the left hand side of the equal sign.

$$a-b=140$$

Add b to both sides of the equation.

$$a=b+140$$

Substitute b+140 for a in the other equation, \frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{25}b=42.

$$\frac{1}{20}\left(b+140\right)-\frac{1}{25}b=42$$

Multiply \frac{1}{20} times b+140.

$$\frac{1}{20}b+7-\frac{1}{25}b=42$$

Add \frac{b}{20} to -\frac{b}{25}.

$$\frac{1}{100}b+7=42$$

Subtract 7 from both sides of the equation.

$$\frac{1}{100}b=35$$

Multiply both sides by 100.

$$b=3500$$

Substitute 3500 for b in a=b+140. Because the resulting equation contains only one variable, you can solve for a directly.

$$a=3500+140$$

Add 140 to 3500.

$$a=3640$$

The system is now solved.

$$a=3640,b=3500$$

Steps Using Matrices

Put the equations in standard form and then use matrices to solve the system of equations.

$$a-b=140,\frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{25}b=42$$

Write the equations in matrix form.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\\frac{1}{20}&-\frac{1}{25}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}a\\b\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}140\\42\end{matrix}\right)$$

Left multiply the equation by the inverse matrix of \left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\\frac{1}{20}&-\frac{1}{25}\end{matrix}\right).

$$inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\\frac{1}{20}&-\frac{1}{25}\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\\frac{1}{20}&-\frac{1}{25}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}a\\b\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\\frac{1}{20}&-\frac{1}{25}\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}140\\42\end{matrix}\right)$$

The product of a matrix and its inverse is the identity matrix.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}1&0\\0&1\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}a\\b\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\\frac{1}{20}&-\frac{1}{25}\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}140\\42\end{matrix}\right)$$

Multiply the matrices on the left hand side of the equal sign.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}a\\b\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}1&-1\\\frac{1}{20}&-\frac{1}{25}\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}140\\42\end{matrix}\right)$$

For the 2\times 2 matrix \left(\begin{matrix}a&b\\c&d\end{matrix}\right), the inverse matrix is \left(\begin{matrix}\frac{d}{ad-bc}&\frac{-b}{ad-bc}\\\frac{-c}{ad-bc}&\frac{a}{ad-bc}\end{matrix}\right), so the matrix equation can be rewritten as a matrix multiplication problem.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}a\\b\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}-\frac{\frac{1}{25}}{-\frac{1}{25}-\left(-\frac{1}{20}\right)}&-\frac{-1}{-\frac{1}{25}-\left(-\frac{1}{20}\right)}\\-\frac{\frac{1}{20}}{-\frac{1}{25}-\left(-\frac{1}{20}\right)}&\frac{1}{-\frac{1}{25}-\left(-\frac{1}{20}\right)}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}140\\42\end{matrix}\right)$$

Do the arithmetic.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}a\\b\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}-4&100\\-5&100\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}140\\42\end{matrix}\right)$$

Multiply the matrices.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}a\\b\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}-4\times 140+100\times 42\\-5\times 140+100\times 42\end{matrix}\right)$$

Do the arithmetic.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}a\\b\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}3640\\3500\end{matrix}\right)$$

Extract the matrix elements a and b.

$$a=3640,b=3500$$

Steps Using Elimination

In order to solve by elimination, coefficients of one of the variables must be the same in both equations so that the variable will cancel out when one equation is subtracted from the other.

$$a-b=140,\frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{25}b=42$$

To make a and \frac{a}{20} equal, multiply all terms on each side of the first equation by \frac{1}{20} and all terms on each side of the second by 1.

$$\frac{1}{20}a+\frac{1}{20}\left(-1\right)b=\frac{1}{20}\times 140,\frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{25}b=42$$

Simplify.

$$\frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{20}b=7,\frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{25}b=42$$

Subtract \frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{25}b=42 from \frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{20}b=7 by subtracting like terms on each side of the equal sign.

$$\frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{20}b+\frac{1}{25}b=7-42$$

Add \frac{a}{20} to -\frac{a}{20}. Terms \frac{a}{20} and -\frac{a}{20} cancel out, leaving an equation with only one variable that can be solved.

$$-\frac{1}{20}b+\frac{1}{25}b=7-42$$

Add -\frac{b}{20} to \frac{b}{25}.

$$-\frac{1}{100}b=7-42$$

Add 7 to -42.

$$-\frac{1}{100}b=-35$$

Multiply both sides by -100.

$$b=3500$$

Substitute 3500 for b in \frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{25}b=42. Because the resulting equation contains only one variable, you can solve for a directly.

$$\frac{1}{20}a-\frac{1}{25}\times 3500=42$$

Multiply -\frac{1}{25} times 3500.

$$\frac{1}{20}a-140=42$$

Add 140 to both sides of the equation.

$$\frac{1}{20}a=182$$

Multiply both sides by 20.

$$a=3640$$

The system is now solved.

$$a=3640,b=3500$$