Solve ∫ (from 1 to 3) of (x-2)^2 wrt x

$$\int _ { 1 } ^ { 3 } ( x - 2 ) ^ { 2 } d x$$

Evaluate

$$\frac{2}{3}\approx 0.666666667$$

Solution Steps

Use binomial theorem \left(a-b\right)^{2}=a^{2}-2ab+b^{2} to expand \left(x-2\right)^{2}.

$$\int _{1}^{3}x^{2}-4x+4\mathrm{d}x$$

Evaluate the indefinite integral first.

$$\int x^{2}-4x+4\mathrm{d}x$$

Integrate the sum term by term.

$$\int x^{2}\mathrm{d}x+\int -4x\mathrm{d}x+\int 4\mathrm{d}x$$

Factor out the constant in each of the terms.

$$\int x^{2}\mathrm{d}x-4\int x\mathrm{d}x+\int 4\mathrm{d}x$$

Since \int x^{k}\mathrm{d}x=\frac{x^{k+1}}{k+1} for k\neq -1, replace \int x^{2}\mathrm{d}x with \frac{x^{3}}{3}.

$$\frac{x^{3}}{3}-4\int x\mathrm{d}x+\int 4\mathrm{d}x$$

Since \int x^{k}\mathrm{d}x=\frac{x^{k+1}}{k+1} for k\neq -1, replace \int x\mathrm{d}x with \frac{x^{2}}{2}. Multiply -4 times \frac{x^{2}}{2}.

$$\frac{x^{3}}{3}-2x^{2}+\int 4\mathrm{d}x$$

Find the integral of 4 using the table of common integrals rule \int a\mathrm{d}x=ax.

$$\frac{x^{3}}{3}-2x^{2}+4x$$

The definite integral is the antiderivative of the expression evaluated at the upper limit of integration minus the antiderivative evaluated at the lower limit of integration.

$$\frac{3^{3}}{3}-2\times 3^{2}+4\times 3-\left(\frac{1^{3}}{3}-2\times 1^{2}+4\times 1\right)$$

Simplify.

$$\frac{2}{3}$$