Solve 1/36-z^2 | Microsoft Math Solver

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From the definition of Cosine Integral : \begin{align} \text{Ci}(x)&=-\int_{x}^{\infty}\frac{\cos{t}}{t}\,dt=\gamma+\log{x}+\int_{0}^{x}\frac{\cos{t}-1}{t}\,dt \\[8mm] I_r&=\int r^2\,\sin\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)\,dr \\[2mm] &\color{blue}{\small\left\{u=\sin\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)\Rightarrow du=\frac{-3(1-3z^2)}{r^4}\cos\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right) dr,\quad dv=r^2 dr\Rightarrow v=\frac{r^3}{3}\right\}} \\[2mm] I_r&=\frac{r^3}{3}\,\sin\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)+(1-3z^2)\int\frac{1}{r}\,\cos\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)\,dr \\[2mm] &\color{blue}{\small\left\{\frac{d}{dx}\left[\text{Ci}(x)\right]=\frac{\cos{x}}{x}\Rightarrow\frac{d}{dx}\left[\text{Ci}\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)\right]=\frac{\cos\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)}{\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}}\frac{-3(1-3z^2)}{r^4}=-\frac{3}{r}\cos\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)\right\}} \\[2mm] I_r&=\frac{r^3}{3}\,\sin\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)-\frac{1-3z^2}{3}\,\text{Ci}\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)+const \\[8mm] \color{red}{I}&=\int_{-1}^{+1}\int_{0}^{\infty}r^2\,\sin\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)\,dr\,dz=2\int_{0}^{1}\int_{0}^{\infty}r^2\,\sin\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)\,dr\,dz\quad\color{blue}{\left\{\rightarrow z^2\right\}} \\[2mm] &=2\int_{0}^{1}\left[\frac{r^3}{3}\,\sin\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)-\frac{1-3z^2}{3}\,\text{Ci}\left(\frac{1-3z^2}{r^3}\right)\right]_{r=0}^{r=\infty}\,dz \\[2mm] &=2\int_{0}^{1}\left[\frac{1-3z^2}{3}\left(1-\gamma-\log\left(1-3z^2\right)\right)\right]\,dz \quad\color{blue}{\left\{\rightarrow\text{Ci}(x)=\gamma+\log{x}-\text{Cin}(x)\right\}} \\[2mm] &=\frac{2}{3}(1-\gamma)\int_{0}^{1}\left(1-3z^2\right)\,dz\,-\,\frac{2}{3}\int_{0}^{1}\left(1-3z^2\right)\left(\log\left(1-3z^3\right)\right)\,dz\qquad\color{blue}{\left\{\rightarrow\text{IBP}\right\}} \\[2mm] &=\frac{2}{3}(1-\gamma)\left[z-z^3\right]_{0}^{1}\,+\,\frac{2}{3}\left[\frac{2}{3}z+\left(z-z^3\right)\left(\frac{2}{3}+\log\left(1-3z^2\right)\right)-\frac{4}{3\sqrt{3}}\text{arctanh}(\sqrt3z)\right]_{0}^{1} \\[2mm] &=\color{red}{\frac{4}{9}-\frac{8}{9\sqrt{3}}\,\text{arctanh}{\sqrt{3}}}\,\approx{0.106513} \end{align}

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\frac{1-36z^{2}}{36}

Factor out \frac{1}{36}.

\left(1-6z\right)\left(1+6z\right)

Consider 1-36z^{2}. Rewrite 1-36z^{2} as 1^{2}-\left(6z\right)^{2}. The difference of squares can be factored using the rule: a^{2}-b^{2}=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right).

\left(-6z+1\right)\left(6z+1\right)

Reorder the terms.

\frac{\left(-6z+1\right)\left(6z+1\right)}{36}

Rewrite the complete factored expression.

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