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\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)+4=\left(x-1\right)^{2}
Variable x cannot be equal to 1 since division by zero is not defined. Multiply both sides of the equation by \left(x-1\right)^{2}, the least common multiple of x-1,\left(1-x\right)^{2}.
x^{2}-1+4=\left(x-1\right)^{2}
Consider \left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right). Multiplication can be transformed into difference of squares using the rule: \left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=a^{2}-b^{2}. Square 1.
x^{2}+3=\left(x-1\right)^{2}
Add -1 and 4 to get 3.
x^{2}+3=x^{2}-2x+1
Use binomial theorem \left(a-b\right)^{2}=a^{2}-2ab+b^{2} to expand \left(x-1\right)^{2}.
x^{2}+3-x^{2}=-2x+1
Subtract x^{2} from both sides.
3=-2x+1
Combine x^{2} and -x^{2} to get 0.
-2x+1=3
Swap sides so that all variable terms are on the left hand side.
-2x=3-1
Subtract 1 from both sides.
-2x=2
Subtract 1 from 3 to get 2.
x=\frac{2}{-2}
Divide both sides by -2.
x=-1
Divide 2 by -2 to get -1.