Tīpoka ki ngā ihirangi matua
Whakaoti mō ε_y
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Whakaoti mō f_c
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Ngā Raru Ōrite mai i te Rapu Tukutuku

Tohaina

f_{c}=\epsilon _{y}
Ka whakawehea he tau ki te tahi, hua ai ko ia anō.
\epsilon _{y}=f_{c}
Whakawhitihia ngā taha kia puta ki te taha mauī ngā kīanga tau taurangi katoa.
f_{c}=\epsilon _{y}
Ka whakawehea he tau ki te tahi, hua ai ko ia anō.