Tīpoka ki ngā ihirangi matua
Whakaoti mō A_n
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Whakaoti mō S_n
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Ngā Raru Ōrite mai i te Rapu Tukutuku

Tohaina

S_{n}A_{n}=A_{n}
Tē taea kia ōrite te tāupe A_{n} ki 0 nā te kore tautuhi i te whakawehenga mā te kore. Whakareatia ngā taha e rua o te whārite ki te A_{n}.
S_{n}A_{n}-A_{n}=0
Tangohia te A_{n} mai i ngā taha e rua.
\left(S_{n}-1\right)A_{n}=0
Pahekotia ngā kīanga tau katoa e whai ana i te A_{n}.
A_{n}=0
Whakawehe 0 ki te S_{n}-1.
A_{n}\in \emptyset
Tē taea kia ōrite te tāupe A_{n} ki 0.
S_{n}=1
Me whakakore tahi te A_{n} i te taurunga me te tauraro.