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Tohaina

4\left(a^{3}-a^{2}-a+1\right)
Tauwehea te 4.
a^{2}\left(a-1\right)-\left(a-1\right)
Whakaarohia te a^{3}-a^{2}-a+1. Mahia te whakarōpūtanga a^{3}-a^{2}-a+1=\left(a^{3}-a^{2}\right)+\left(-a+1\right), ka whakatauwehea atu a^{2} i te tuatahi me -1 i te rōpū tuarua.
\left(a-1\right)\left(a^{2}-1\right)
Whakatauwehea atu te kīanga pātahi a-1 mā te whakamahi i te āhuatanga tātai tohatoha.
\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)
Whakaarohia te a^{2}-1. Tuhia anō te a^{2}-1 hei a^{2}-1^{2}. Ka taea te rerekētanga o ngā pūrua te whakatauwehe mā te ture: p^{2}-q^{2}=\left(p-q\right)\left(p+q\right).
4\left(a-1\right)^{2}\left(a+1\right)
Me tuhi anō te kīanga whakatauwehe katoa.