Whakaoti i te ∫ (from -1 to 3) of x^2-2x-3 wrt x

$$\int_{ -1 }^{ 3 } { x }^{ 2 } -2x-3 d x$$

Aromātai

$$-\frac{32}{3}\approx -10.666666667$$

Ngā Upane Otinga

Aromātaitia te tau tōpū tautuhi-kore i te tuatahi.

$$\int x^{2}-2x-3\mathrm{d}x$$

Kōmitimititia te kīanga tapeke mā te kīanga.

$$\int x^{2}\mathrm{d}x+\int -2x\mathrm{d}x+\int -3\mathrm{d}x$$

Whakatauwehea te pūmau i ēnei kīanga katoa.

$$\int x^{2}\mathrm{d}x-2\int x\mathrm{d}x+\int -3\mathrm{d}x$$

Nā te mea \int x^{k}\mathrm{d}x=\frac{x^{k+1}}{k+1} mō te k\neq -1, me whakakapi \int x^{2}\mathrm{d}x ki te \frac{x^{3}}{3}.

$$\frac{x^{3}}{3}-2\int x\mathrm{d}x+\int -3\mathrm{d}x$$

Nā te mea \int x^{k}\mathrm{d}x=\frac{x^{k+1}}{k+1} mō te k\neq -1, me whakakapi \int x\mathrm{d}x ki te \frac{x^{2}}{2}. Whakareatia -2 ki te \frac{x^{2}}{2}.

$$\frac{x^{3}}{3}-x^{2}+\int -3\mathrm{d}x$$

Kimihia te tau tōpū o -3 mā te whakamahi i te ture mō te ripanga o ngā tau tōpū pātahi \int a\mathrm{d}x=ax.

$$\frac{x^{3}}{3}-x^{2}-3x$$

Ko te tau tōpū tautuhi ko te pārōnaki kōaro o te kīanga i aromātaitia i te tepe tōrunga o te pāwhaitua, tangohia te pārōnaki kōaro i aromātaitia i te tepe tōraro o te pāwhaitua.

$$\frac{3^{3}}{3}-3^{2}-3\times 3-\left(\frac{\left(-1\right)^{3}}{3}-\left(-1\right)^{2}-3\left(-1\right)\right)$$

Whakarūnātia.

$$-\frac{32}{3}$$