Whakaoti i te ∫ _{R_{1}}^R_{2}(x^2+y^2)

$$\int _ { R _ { 1 } } ^ { R _ { 2 } } ( x ^ { 2 } + y ^ { 2 } )$$

Aromātai

$$\frac{\left(R_{2}-R_{1}\right)\left(3y^{2}+R_{1}R_{2}+R_{1}^{2}+R_{2}^{2}\right)}{3}$$

Ngā Upane Otinga

Aromātaitia te tau tōpū tautuhi-kore i te tuatahi.

$$\int x^{2}+y^{2}\mathrm{d}x$$

Kōmitimititia te kīanga tapeke mā te kīanga.

$$\int x^{2}\mathrm{d}x+\int y^{2}\mathrm{d}x$$

Nā te mea \int x^{k}\mathrm{d}x=\frac{x^{k+1}}{k+1} mō te k\neq -1, me whakakapi \int x^{2}\mathrm{d}x ki te \frac{x^{3}}{3}.

$$\frac{x^{3}}{3}+\int y^{2}\mathrm{d}x$$

Kimihia te tau tōpū o y^{2} mā te whakamahi i te ture mō te ripanga o ngā tau tōpū pātahi \int a\mathrm{d}x=ax.

$$\frac{x^{3}}{3}+y^{2}x$$

Ko te tau tōpū tautuhi ko te pārōnaki kōaro o te kīanga i aromātaitia i te tepe tōrunga o te pāwhaitua, tangohia te pārōnaki kōaro i aromātaitia i te tepe tōraro o te pāwhaitua.

$$\frac{R_{2}^{3}}{3}+y^{2}R_{2}-\left(\frac{R_{1}^{3}}{3}+y^{2}R_{1}\right)$$

Whakarūnātia.

$$\frac{\left(-R_{1}+R_{2}\right)\left(3y^{2}+R_{1}^{2}+R_{1}R_{2}+R_{2}^{2}\right)}{3}$$

Kimi Pārōnaki e ai ki y

$$2y\left(R_{2}-R_{1}\right)$$