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3\left(x^{4}-4x^{3}+3x^{2}\right)
Factor out 3.
x^{2}\left(x^{2}-4x+3\right)
Consider x^{4}-4x^{3}+3x^{2}. Factor out x^{2}.
a+b=-4 ab=1\times 3=3
Consider x^{2}-4x+3. Factor the expression by grouping. First, the expression needs to be rewritten as x^{2}+ax+bx+3. To find a and b, set up a system to be solved.
a=-3 b=-1
Since ab is positive, a and b have the same sign. Since a+b is negative, a and b are both negative. The only such pair is the system solution.
\left(x^{2}-3x\right)+\left(-x+3\right)
Rewrite x^{2}-4x+3 as \left(x^{2}-3x\right)+\left(-x+3\right).
x\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)
Factor out x in the first and -1 in the second group.
\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)
Factor out common term x-3 by using distributive property.
3x^{2}\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)
Rewrite the complete factored expression.