Solve 27x^2-32x+21=0

$$27 x ^ { 2 } - 32 x + 21 = 0$$

Solve for x (complex solution)

$$x=\frac{16+\sqrt{311}i}{27}\approx 0.592592593+0.653155263i$$

$$x=\frac{-\sqrt{311}i+16}{27}\approx 0.592592593-0.653155263i$$

Steps Using the Quadratic Formula

All equations of the form ax^{2}+bx+c=0 can be solved using the quadratic formula: \frac{-b±\sqrt{b^{2}-4ac}}{2a}. The quadratic formula gives two solutions, one when ± is addition and one when it is subtraction.

$$27x^{2}-32x+21=0$$

This equation is in standard form: ax^{2}+bx+c=0. Substitute 27 for a, -32 for b, and 21 for c in the quadratic formula, \frac{-b±\sqrt{b^{2}-4ac}}{2a}.

$$x=\frac{-\left(-32\right)±\sqrt{\left(-32\right)^{2}-4\times 27\times 21}}{2\times 27}$$

Square -32.

$$x=\frac{-\left(-32\right)±\sqrt{1024-4\times 27\times 21}}{2\times 27}$$

Multiply -4 times 27.

$$x=\frac{-\left(-32\right)±\sqrt{1024-108\times 21}}{2\times 27}$$

Multiply -108 times 21.

$$x=\frac{-\left(-32\right)±\sqrt{1024-2268}}{2\times 27}$$

Add 1024 to -2268.

$$x=\frac{-\left(-32\right)±\sqrt{-1244}}{2\times 27}$$

Take the square root of -1244.

$$x=\frac{-\left(-32\right)±2\sqrt{311}i}{2\times 27}$$

The opposite of -32 is 32.

$$x=\frac{32±2\sqrt{311}i}{2\times 27}$$

Multiply 2 times 27.

$$x=\frac{32±2\sqrt{311}i}{54}$$

Now solve the equation x=\frac{32±2\sqrt{311}i}{54} when ± is plus. Add 32 to 2i\sqrt{311}.

$$x=\frac{32+2\sqrt{311}i}{54}$$

Divide 32+2i\sqrt{311} by 54.

$$x=\frac{16+\sqrt{311}i}{27}$$

Now solve the equation x=\frac{32±2\sqrt{311}i}{54} when ± is minus. Subtract 2i\sqrt{311} from 32.

$$x=\frac{-2\sqrt{311}i+32}{54}$$

Divide 32-2i\sqrt{311} by 54.

$$x=\frac{-\sqrt{311}i+16}{27}$$

The equation is now solved.

$$x=\frac{16+\sqrt{311}i}{27} x=\frac{-\sqrt{311}i+16}{27}$$

Steps for Completing the Square

Quadratic equations such as this one can be solved by completing the square. In order to complete the square, the equation must first be in the form x^{2}+bx=c.

$$27x^{2}-32x+21=0$$

Subtract 21 from both sides of the equation.

$$27x^{2}-32x+21-21=-21$$

Subtracting 21 from itself leaves 0.

$$27x^{2}-32x=-21$$

Divide both sides by 27.

$$\frac{27x^{2}-32x}{27}=-\frac{21}{27}$$

Dividing by 27 undoes the multiplication by 27.

$$x^{2}-\frac{32}{27}x=-\frac{21}{27}$$

Reduce the fraction \frac{-21}{27} to lowest terms by extracting and canceling out 3.

$$x^{2}-\frac{32}{27}x=-\frac{7}{9}$$

Divide -\frac{32}{27}, the coefficient of the x term, by 2 to get -\frac{16}{27}. Then add the square of -\frac{16}{27} to both sides of the equation. This step makes the left hand side of the equation a perfect square.

$$x^{2}-\frac{32}{27}x+\left(-\frac{16}{27}\right)^{2}=-\frac{7}{9}+\left(-\frac{16}{27}\right)^{2}$$

Square -\frac{16}{27} by squaring both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction.

$$x^{2}-\frac{32}{27}x+\frac{256}{729}=-\frac{7}{9}+\frac{256}{729}$$

Add -\frac{7}{9} to \frac{256}{729} by finding a common denominator and adding the numerators. Then reduce the fraction to lowest terms if possible.

$$x^{2}-\frac{32}{27}x+\frac{256}{729}=-\frac{311}{729}$$

Factor x^{2}-\frac{32}{27}x+\frac{256}{729}. In general, when x^{2}+bx+c is a perfect square, it can always be factored as \left(x+\frac{b}{2}\right)^{2}.

$$\left(x-\frac{16}{27}\right)^{2}=-\frac{311}{729}$$

Take the square root of both sides of the equation.

$$\sqrt{\left(x-\frac{16}{27}\right)^{2}}=\sqrt{-\frac{311}{729}}$$

Simplify.

$$x-\frac{16}{27}=\frac{\sqrt{311}i}{27} x-\frac{16}{27}=-\frac{\sqrt{311}i}{27}$$

Add \frac{16}{27} to both sides of the equation.

$$x=\frac{16+\sqrt{311}i}{27} x=\frac{-\sqrt{311}i+16}{27}$$

Steps Using Direct Factoring Method

Quadratic equations such as this one can be solved by a new direct factoring method that does not require guess work. To use the direct factoring method, the equation must be in the form x^2+Bx+C=0.This is achieved by dividing both sides of the equation by 27

$$x ^ 2 -\frac{32}{27}x +\frac{7}{9} = 0$$

Let r and s be the factors for the quadratic equation such that x^2+Bx+C=(x−r)(x−s) where sum of factors (r+s)=−B and the product of factors rs = C

$$r + s = \frac{32}{27} rs = \frac{7}{9}$$

Two numbers r and s sum up to \frac{32}{27} exactly when the average of the two numbers is \frac{1}{2}*\frac{32}{27} = \frac{16}{27}. You can also see that the midpoint of r and s corresponds to the axis of symmetry of the parabola represented by the quadratic equation y=x^2+Bx+C. The values of r and s are equidistant from the center by an unknown quantity u. Express r and s with respect to variable u. <div style='padding: 8px'><img src='https://opalmath.azureedge.net/customsolver/quadraticgraph.png' style='width: 100%;max-width: 700px' /></div>

$$r = \frac{16}{27} - u s = \frac{16}{27} + u$$

To solve for unknown quantity u, substitute these in the product equation rs = \frac{7}{9}

$$(\frac{16}{27} - u) (\frac{16}{27} + u) = \frac{7}{9}$$

Simplify by expanding (a -b) (a + b) = a^2 – b^2

$$\frac{256}{729} - u^2 = \frac{7}{9}$$

Simplify the expression by subtracting \frac{256}{729} on both sides

$$-u^2 = \frac{7}{9}-\frac{256}{729} = \frac{311}{729}$$

Simplify the expression by multiplying -1 on both sides and take the square root to obtain the value of unknown variable u

$$u^2 = -\frac{311}{729} u = \pm\sqrt{-\frac{311}{729}} = \pm \frac{\sqrt{311}}{27}i$$

The factors r and s are the solutions to the quadratic equation. Substitute the value of u to compute the r and s.

$$r =\frac{16}{27} - \frac{\sqrt{311}}{27}i = 0.593 - 0.653i s = \frac{16}{27} + \frac{\sqrt{311}}{27}i = 0.593 + 0.653i$$