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-x^{2}+4x-1=0
Swap sides so that all variable terms are on the left hand side.
x=\frac{-4±\sqrt{4^{2}-4\left(-1\right)\left(-1\right)}}{2\left(-1\right)}
This equation is in standard form: ax^{2}+bx+c=0. Substitute -1 for a, 4 for b, and -1 for c in the quadratic formula, \frac{-b±\sqrt{b^{2}-4ac}}{2a}.
x=\frac{-4±\sqrt{16-4\left(-1\right)\left(-1\right)}}{2\left(-1\right)}
Square 4.
x=\frac{-4±\sqrt{16+4\left(-1\right)}}{2\left(-1\right)}
Multiply -4 times -1.
x=\frac{-4±\sqrt{16-4}}{2\left(-1\right)}
Multiply 4 times -1.
x=\frac{-4±\sqrt{12}}{2\left(-1\right)}
Add 16 to -4.
x=\frac{-4±2\sqrt{3}}{2\left(-1\right)}
Take the square root of 12.
x=\frac{-4±2\sqrt{3}}{-2}
Multiply 2 times -1.
x=\frac{2\sqrt{3}-4}{-2}
Now solve the equation x=\frac{-4±2\sqrt{3}}{-2} when ± is plus. Add -4 to 2\sqrt{3}.
x=2-\sqrt{3}
Divide -4+2\sqrt{3} by -2.
x=\frac{-2\sqrt{3}-4}{-2}
Now solve the equation x=\frac{-4±2\sqrt{3}}{-2} when ± is minus. Subtract 2\sqrt{3} from -4.
x=\sqrt{3}+2
Divide -4-2\sqrt{3} by -2.
x=2-\sqrt{3} x=\sqrt{3}+2
The equation is now solved.
-x^{2}+4x-1=0
Swap sides so that all variable terms are on the left hand side.
-x^{2}+4x=1
Add 1 to both sides. Anything plus zero gives itself.
\frac{-x^{2}+4x}{-1}=\frac{1}{-1}
Divide both sides by -1.
x^{2}+\frac{4}{-1}x=\frac{1}{-1}
Dividing by -1 undoes the multiplication by -1.
x^{2}-4x=\frac{1}{-1}
Divide 4 by -1.
x^{2}-4x=-1
Divide 1 by -1.
x^{2}-4x+\left(-2\right)^{2}=-1+\left(-2\right)^{2}
Divide -4, the coefficient of the x term, by 2 to get -2. Then add the square of -2 to both sides of the equation. This step makes the left hand side of the equation a perfect square.
x^{2}-4x+4=-1+4
Square -2.
x^{2}-4x+4=3
Add -1 to 4.
\left(x-2\right)^{2}=3
Factor x^{2}-4x+4. In general, when x^{2}+bx+c is a perfect square, it can always be factored as \left(x+\frac{b}{2}\right)^{2}.
\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^{2}}=\sqrt{3}
Take the square root of both sides of the equation.
x-2=\sqrt{3} x-2=-\sqrt{3}
Simplify.
x=\sqrt{3}+2 x=2-\sqrt{3}
Add 2 to both sides of the equation.