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Solve for x (complex solution)
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\sigma \left(x^{2}+2x\sqrt{3}+\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^{2}\right)-3=0
Use binomial theorem \left(a+b\right)^{2}=a^{2}+2ab+b^{2} to expand \left(x+\sqrt{3}\right)^{2}.
\sigma \left(x^{2}+2x\sqrt{3}+3\right)-3=0
The square of \sqrt{3} is 3.
\sigma x^{2}+2\sigma x\sqrt{3}+3\sigma -3=0
Use the distributive property to multiply \sigma by x^{2}+2x\sqrt{3}+3.
\sigma x^{2}+2\sigma x\sqrt{3}+3\sigma =3
Add 3 to both sides. Anything plus zero gives itself.
\left(x^{2}+2x\sqrt{3}+3\right)\sigma =3
Combine all terms containing \sigma .
\left(x^{2}+2\sqrt{3}x+3\right)\sigma =3
The equation is in standard form.
\frac{\left(x^{2}+2\sqrt{3}x+3\right)\sigma }{x^{2}+2\sqrt{3}x+3}=\frac{3}{x^{2}+2\sqrt{3}x+3}
Divide both sides by x^{2}+2x\sqrt{3}+3.
\sigma =\frac{3}{x^{2}+2\sqrt{3}x+3}
Dividing by x^{2}+2x\sqrt{3}+3 undoes the multiplication by x^{2}+2x\sqrt{3}+3.
\sigma =\frac{3}{\left(x+\sqrt{3}\right)^{2}}
Divide 3 by x^{2}+2x\sqrt{3}+3.