Solve {l}{5x+7b=2060}{2x+4b=1040}

$$\left\{ \begin{array} { l } { 5 x + 7 b = 2060 } \\ { 2 x + 4 b = 1040 } \end{array} \right.$$

Solve for x, b

$$x=160$$

$$b=180$$

Steps Using Substitution

To solve a pair of equations using substitution, first solve one of the equations for one of the variables. Then substitute the result for that variable in the other equation.

$$5x+7b=2060,2x+4b=1040$$

Choose one of the equations and solve it for x by isolating x on the left hand side of the equal sign.

$$5x+7b=2060$$

Subtract 7b from both sides of the equation.

$$5x=-7b+2060$$

Divide both sides by 5.

$$x=\frac{1}{5}\left(-7b+2060\right)$$

Multiply \frac{1}{5} times -7b+2060.

$$x=-\frac{7}{5}b+412$$

Substitute -\frac{7b}{5}+412 for x in the other equation, 2x+4b=1040.

$$2\left(-\frac{7}{5}b+412\right)+4b=1040$$

Multiply 2 times -\frac{7b}{5}+412.

$$-\frac{14}{5}b+824+4b=1040$$

Add -\frac{14b}{5} to 4b.

$$\frac{6}{5}b+824=1040$$

Subtract 824 from both sides of the equation.

$$\frac{6}{5}b=216$$

Divide both sides of the equation by \frac{6}{5}, which is the same as multiplying both sides by the reciprocal of the fraction.

$$b=180$$

Substitute 180 for b in x=-\frac{7}{5}b+412. Because the resulting equation contains only one variable, you can solve for x directly.

$$x=-\frac{7}{5}\times 180+412$$

Multiply -\frac{7}{5} times 180.

$$x=-252+412$$

Add 412 to -252.

$$x=160$$

The system is now solved.

$$x=160,b=180$$

Steps Using Matrices

Put the equations in standard form and then use matrices to solve the system of equations.

$$5x+7b=2060,2x+4b=1040$$

Write the equations in matrix form.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}5&7\\2&4\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}x\\b\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}2060\\1040\end{matrix}\right)$$

Left multiply the equation by the inverse matrix of \left(\begin{matrix}5&7\\2&4\end{matrix}\right).

$$inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}5&7\\2&4\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}5&7\\2&4\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}x\\b\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}5&7\\2&4\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}2060\\1040\end{matrix}\right)$$

The product of a matrix and its inverse is the identity matrix.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}1&0\\0&1\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}x\\b\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}5&7\\2&4\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}2060\\1040\end{matrix}\right)$$

Multiply the matrices on the left hand side of the equal sign.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}x\\b\end{matrix}\right)=inverse(\left(\begin{matrix}5&7\\2&4\end{matrix}\right))\left(\begin{matrix}2060\\1040\end{matrix}\right)$$

For the 2\times 2 matrix \left(\begin{matrix}a&b\\c&d\end{matrix}\right), the inverse matrix is \left(\begin{matrix}\frac{d}{ad-bc}&\frac{-b}{ad-bc}\\\frac{-c}{ad-bc}&\frac{a}{ad-bc}\end{matrix}\right), so the matrix equation can be rewritten as a matrix multiplication problem.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}x\\b\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}\frac{4}{5\times 4-7\times 2}&-\frac{7}{5\times 4-7\times 2}\\-\frac{2}{5\times 4-7\times 2}&\frac{5}{5\times 4-7\times 2}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}2060\\1040\end{matrix}\right)$$

Do the arithmetic.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}x\\b\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}\frac{2}{3}&-\frac{7}{6}\\-\frac{1}{3}&\frac{5}{6}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{matrix}2060\\1040\end{matrix}\right)$$

Multiply the matrices.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}x\\b\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}\frac{2}{3}\times 2060-\frac{7}{6}\times 1040\\-\frac{1}{3}\times 2060+\frac{5}{6}\times 1040\end{matrix}\right)$$

Do the arithmetic.

$$\left(\begin{matrix}x\\b\end{matrix}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}160\\180\end{matrix}\right)$$

Extract the matrix elements x and b.

$$x=160,b=180$$

Steps Using Elimination

In order to solve by elimination, coefficients of one of the variables must be the same in both equations so that the variable will cancel out when one equation is subtracted from the other.

$$5x+7b=2060,2x+4b=1040$$

To make 5x and 2x equal, multiply all terms on each side of the first equation by 2 and all terms on each side of the second by 5.

$$2\times 5x+2\times 7b=2\times 2060,5\times 2x+5\times 4b=5\times 1040$$

Simplify.

$$10x+14b=4120,10x+20b=5200$$

Subtract 10x+20b=5200 from 10x+14b=4120 by subtracting like terms on each side of the equal sign.

$$10x-10x+14b-20b=4120-5200$$

Add 10x to -10x. Terms 10x and -10x cancel out, leaving an equation with only one variable that can be solved.

$$14b-20b=4120-5200$$

Add 14b to -20b.

$$-6b=4120-5200$$

Add 4120 to -5200.

$$-6b=-1080$$

Divide both sides by -6.

$$b=180$$

Substitute 180 for b in 2x+4b=1040. Because the resulting equation contains only one variable, you can solve for x directly.

$$2x+4\times 180=1040$$

Multiply 4 times 180.

$$2x+720=1040$$

Subtract 720 from both sides of the equation.

$$2x=320$$

Divide both sides by 2.

$$x=160$$

The system is now solved.

$$x=160,b=180$$