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\begin{array}{l}\phantom{16)}\phantom{1}\\16\overline{)508}\\\end{array}
Use the 1^{st} digit 5 from dividend 508
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{16)}0\phantom{2}\\16\overline{)508}\\\end{array}
Since 5 is less than 16, use the next digit 0 from dividend 508 and add 0 to the quotient
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{16)}0\phantom{3}\\16\overline{)508}\\\end{array}
Use the 2^{nd} digit 0 from dividend 508
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{16)}03\phantom{4}\\16\overline{)508}\\\phantom{16)}\underline{\phantom{}48\phantom{9}}\\\phantom{16)9}2\\\end{array}
Find closest multiple of 16 to 50. We see that 3 \times 16 = 48 is the nearest. Now subtract 48 from 50 to get reminder 2. Add 3 to quotient.
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{16)}03\phantom{5}\\16\overline{)508}\\\phantom{16)}\underline{\phantom{}48\phantom{9}}\\\phantom{16)9}28\\\end{array}
Use the 3^{rd} digit 8 from dividend 508
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{16)}031\phantom{6}\\16\overline{)508}\\\phantom{16)}\underline{\phantom{}48\phantom{9}}\\\phantom{16)9}28\\\phantom{16)}\underline{\phantom{9}16\phantom{}}\\\phantom{16)9}12\\\end{array}
Find closest multiple of 16 to 28. We see that 1 \times 16 = 16 is the nearest. Now subtract 16 from 28 to get reminder 12. Add 1 to quotient.
\text{Quotient: }31 \text{Reminder: }12
Since 12 is less than 16, stop the division. The reminder is 12. The topmost line 031 is the quotient. Remove all zeros at the start of the quotient to get the actual quotient 31.