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\begin{array}{l}\phantom{10)}\phantom{1}\\10\overline{)125}\\\end{array}
Use the 1^{st} digit 1 from dividend 125
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{10)}0\phantom{2}\\10\overline{)125}\\\end{array}
Since 1 is less than 10, use the next digit 2 from dividend 125 and add 0 to the quotient
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{10)}0\phantom{3}\\10\overline{)125}\\\end{array}
Use the 2^{nd} digit 2 from dividend 125
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{10)}01\phantom{4}\\10\overline{)125}\\\phantom{10)}\underline{\phantom{}10\phantom{9}}\\\phantom{10)9}2\\\end{array}
Find closest multiple of 10 to 12. We see that 1 \times 10 = 10 is the nearest. Now subtract 10 from 12 to get reminder 2. Add 1 to quotient.
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{10)}01\phantom{5}\\10\overline{)125}\\\phantom{10)}\underline{\phantom{}10\phantom{9}}\\\phantom{10)9}25\\\end{array}
Use the 3^{rd} digit 5 from dividend 125
\begin{array}{l}\phantom{10)}012\phantom{6}\\10\overline{)125}\\\phantom{10)}\underline{\phantom{}10\phantom{9}}\\\phantom{10)9}25\\\phantom{10)}\underline{\phantom{9}20\phantom{}}\\\phantom{10)99}5\\\end{array}
Find closest multiple of 10 to 25. We see that 2 \times 10 = 20 is the nearest. Now subtract 20 from 25 to get reminder 5. Add 2 to quotient.
\text{Quotient: }12 \text{Reminder: }5
Since 5 is less than 10, stop the division. The reminder is 5. The topmost line 012 is the quotient. Remove all zeros at the start of the quotient to get the actual quotient 12.